network enabled verified low v1.0.0

traceroute

Network diagnostic tool for displaying the route and measuring transit delays of packets across an IP network.

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traceroute {flag-4} {flag-6} {debug} {dont-fragment} {first}

📎 flag-4 📎 flag-6 📎 debug 📎 dont-fragment 📎 first

traceroute {flag-4} {flag-6} {debug} {dont-fragment} {first}

Sandbox: execFile · Timeout: 120s

Capabilities

network.diagnostic.route

network.diagnostic.hop

network.diagnostic.latency

network.discovery.path

Parameters

Name	Type	Required	Default	Description	Aliases
`flag-4`	string	No	-	Use IPv4	`-4`
`flag-6`	string	No	-	Use IPv6	`-6`
`debug`	string	No	-	Enable socket level debugging	`-d`, `--debug`
`dont-fragment`	string	No	-	Do not fragment packets	`-F`, `--dont-fragment`
`first`	string	No	-	Start from the first_ttl hop (instead from 1)	`-f`, `--first`
`gateway`	string	No	-	Route packets through the specified gateway (maximum 8 for IPv4 and 127 for IPv6)	`-g`, `--gateway`
`icmp`	string	No	-	Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting	`-I`, `--icmp`
`tcp`	string	No	-	Use TCP SYN for tracerouting (default port is 80)	`-T`, `--tcp`
`interface`	string	No	-	Specify a network interface to operate with	`-i`, `--interface`
`max-hops`	integer	No	-	Set the max number of hops (max TTL to be reached). Default is 30	`-m`, `--max-hops`
`sim-queries`	integer	No	-	Set the number of probes to be tried simultaneously (default is 16)	`-N`, `--sim-queries`
`flag-n`	string	No	-	Do not resolve IP addresses to their domain names	`-n`
`port`	string	No	-	Set the destination port to use. It is either	`-p`, `--port`
`tos`	string	No	-	Set the TOS (IPv4 type of service) or TC (IPv6	`-t`, `--tos`
`flowlabel`	string	No	-	Use specified flow_label for IPv6 packets	`-l`, `--flowlabel`
`wait`	integer	No	-	Wait for a probe no more than HERE (default 3) times longer than a response from the same hop, or no more than NEAR (default 10) times than some next hop, or MAX (default 5.0) seconds (float point ...	`-w`, `--wait`
`queries`	integer	No	-	Set the number of probes per each hop. Default is 3	`-q`, `--queries`
`flag-r`	string	No	-	Bypass the normal routing and send directly to a	`-r`
`source`	string	No	-	Use source src_addr for outgoing packets	`-s`, `--source`
`sendwait`	integer	No	-	Minimal time interval between probes (default 0). If the value is more than 10, then it specifies a number in milliseconds, else it is a number of seconds (float point values allowed too)	`-z`, `--sendwait`
`extensions`	string	No	-	Show ICMP extensions (if present), including MPLS	`-e`, `--extensions`
`as-path-lookups`	string	No	-	Perform AS path lookups in routing registries and	`-A`, `--as-path-lookups`
`module`	string	No	-	Use specified module (either builtin or external)	`-M`, `--module`
`options`	string	No	-	Use module-specific option OPTS for the traceroute module. Several OPTS allowed, separated by comma. If OPTS is "help", print info about available options	`-O`, `--options`
`sport`	string	No	-	Use source port num for outgoing packets. Implies	`--sport`
`fwmark`	string	No	-	Set firewall mark for outgoing packets	`--fwmark`
`udp`	string	No	-	Use UDP to particular port for tracerouting	`-U`, `--udp`
`dccp`	string	No	-	Use DCCP Request for tracerouting (default port	`-D`, `--dccp`
`protocol`	string	No	-	Use raw packet of protocol prot for tracerouting	`-P`, `--protocol`
`mtu`	string	No	-	Discover MTU along the path being traced. Implies	`--mtu`
`UL`	boolean	No	-	Use UDPLITE for tracerouting (default dest port	`-UL`
`back`	integer	No	-	Guess the number of hops in the backward path and	`--back`
`help`	string	No	-	Read this help and exit	`--help`
`version`	string	No	-	Print version info and exit	`-V`, `--version`

Artifacts

Type	Description	MIME	Schema	Trust
`network.diagnostic.route`	Hop-by-hop route trace results	text/plain	-	verified

Contract

Inputs

network.target.host

Target hostname or IP address to trace

Outputs

network.diagnostic.route

Sequential list of hops with per-hop latency measurements

Side effects: network_traffic

Workflow Edges

Produces

network.diagnostic.route

Consumes

network.target.host

Resource Profile

Resource	Value
CPU	low
Memory	8 MB
Network	low
Disk I/O	none

Examples

Standard route trace

traceroute google.com

Trace with numeric addresses only (faster)

traceroute -n google.com

Trace with custom max hops

traceroute -m 15 google.com

TCP-based traceroute to specific port

traceroute -T -p 443 google.com

Basic usage to display the route taken by packets to reach a host

traceroute hostname_or_IP_address

Specify the maximum number of hops (TTL) to be used

traceroute -m max_ttl hostname_or_IP_address

Use a particular protocol (ICMP or UDP)

traceroute -I hostname_or_IP_address   # For ICMP

cheat.sheets: traceroute

traceroute -U hostname_or_IP_address  # For UDP

Specify the number of probe packets per hop

traceroute -q n_queries hostname_or_IP_address

Set the initial TTL (Time-To-Live)

traceroute -f first_ttl hostname_or_IP_address

Specify the wait time for a response

traceroute -w wait_time hostname_or_IP_address

Change the default port

traceroute -p port_number hostname_or_IP_address

Specify the interface to be used

traceroute -i interface hostname_or_IP_address

Display the IP addresses numerically without resolving hostnames

traceroute -n hostname_or_IP_address

Set the source address

traceroute -s source_address hostname_or_IP_address

Documentation

traceroute — Network Path Discovery

Traceroute maps the network path between your machine and a target host by sending packets with incrementing TTL (Time To Live) values. Each router along the path decrements the TTL and sends back an ICMP Time Exceeded message, revealing the route.

How It Works

Sends packet with TTL=1 — first router responds, TTL decremented to 0
Sends packet with TTL=2 — second router responds
Continues until target reached or max hops exceeded

Output Interpretation

traceroute to google.com (142.250.80.14), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1)  1.234 ms  1.123 ms  1.456 ms
 2  10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1)  5.678 ms  5.432 ms  6.012 ms
 3  * * *  (no response)
 4  72.14.237.194 (72.14.237.194)  15.234 ms  14.987 ms  15.567 ms
 5  142.250.80.14 (142.250.80.14)  12.345 ms  12.123 ms  11.987 ms

What to Look For

Indicator	Meaning
*` * `*	Hop not responding (firewall, ICMP disabled)
High latency	Slow link, geographic distance, congestion
Latency jump	Likely where the geographic distance is crossed
Request timeout	Packet dropped or filtered at that hop