examples:

• description: "Load the kernel driver" command: "sc.exe create devhost binPath=C:\\windows\\temp\\devhost.sys type=kernel && sc.exe start devhost"

devhost.sys

devhost.sys is a WHQL attestation-signed kernel driver that exposes arbitrary memory read primitives to usermode. The device object at \.\devhost has no ACL beyond a device handle. At load, the driver reads IA32_LSTAR MSR to locate ntoskrnl base via backward MZ walk, then dynamically resolves APIs (including MmMapIoSpace and MmCopyMemory) using a djb2-style hash algorithm over the PE export directory. Only 11 benign imports are visible statically. The system CR3 is leaked to user-mode at DriverEntry. Authentication uses a hardcoded magic cookie via IOCTL 0x28E017. IOCTL 0x28E01B accepts a caller-supplied CR3 and target virtual address, performs a manual 4-level x64 page-table walk (PML4-PDPT-PD-PT), and reads physical memory via MmMapIoSpace. Additional IOCTLs expose NtBuildNumber, PsLoadedModuleList, and per-CPU KPCR CurrentThread. Nextron Research noted that these primitives are tailor-made for credential theft (e.g. LSASS memory dumping), though no confirmed malicious usage has been publicly documented. WHQL attestation signed with active cert (Nov 2025-Nov 2026). SpcSpOpusInfo identifies the submitter as Shenzhen Aolian Information Security Technology Co Ltd.

Use Case: Arbitrary kernel memory read via page-table walk and MmMapIoSpace

Required Privileges: kernel

MITRE ATT&CK: T1068