examples:

• description: "Load the kernel driver" command: "sc.exe create TcIo binPath=C:\\windows\\temp\\TcIo.sys type=kernel && sc.exe start TcIo"
• description: "Exploit the driver for privilege escalation" command: "Exploit.exe --driver TcIo.sys"

TcIo.sys

TcIo.sys and TcRouter.sys are WHQL Microsoft-signed kernel drivers from Beckhoff Automation GmbH (TwinCAT 3 Industrial Automation Runtime). TcIo.sys exposes arbitrary physical memory read/write via ZwOpenSection on Device\PhysicalMemory, arbitrary MMIO mapping via MmMapIoSpace, PCI configuration space read/write via HalGetBusDataByOffset and HalSetBusDataByOffset, and full PCI BAR probing and mapping. TcRouter.sys exposes arbitrary port I/O via direct ring-0 in/out instructions. Both drivers use plain IoCreateDevice with no DACL and have no caller validation on IRP_MJ_CREATE. All IOCTLs use METHOD_NEITHER with FILE_ANY_ACCESS. No hardware gate -- drivers load on any x64 Windows without Beckhoff hardware. CVE-2018-7502 was assigned for an untrusted pointer dereference in IOCTL 0x222206 affecting 19 drivers in the TwinCAT family (CISA advisory ICSA-18-081-02, Source Incite SRC-2018-0007). The physical memory and port I/O primitives described here go beyond the scope of CVE-2018-7502. 18 related drivers share the same codebase and certificate.

Use Case: Elevate privileges

Required Privileges: kernel

MITRE ATT&CK: T1068